ID
Statistics CIA World Factbook (July 2008 estimate) and the Thai National Statistical Office.
- Situation : Asie du Sud-Est, à 9412 km de Paris.
- Capitale : Bangkok, environ 9.2 millions d'habitants. ( capitale et région métropolitaine environ 7500 km²).
- Superficie : 513 115 km². ( 50é )
- Point culminant : Doi Inthanon 2 595 m.
- Population : 67 millions (20é. mondiale ).
- Densité : 122 hab / Km².
- Espérance de vie : 73.1 ans
- Taux d'alphabétisation : 95,3 %
- Taux de chomage : 1.2 %
- Langues : le thaï ( officielle ), le chinois, dialecte "Issan". Langue internationale : l'anglais.
- Monnaie : Baht (THB) - 1 Euro = 41.792 bahts pour un euro (cours du 29-10-2010).
- Régime politique : monarchie constitutionnelle. Composition du pouvoir : Le Roi (Bhumibol Adulyadej - Rama IX), un Premier ministre, une chambre des députés composé de 360 membres élus pour 4 ans au suffrage universel direct et un sénat de 270 membres.
- Premier minitre : Abhisit Vejjajiva.
- PIB : 115,4 Mds de dollars.
- PIB / hab. : 9200 $ / Hab. (estim. 2006 )
- Croissance : 4,2 % (1998-1999).
- Taux de naissance : 13,57 pour 1000.
- Indice de fécondité : 1,65 (enfants par femme).
- Armée : environ 306 000 actifs et 200 000 réservistes.
- Taux de mortalité : 7,17 pour 1000.
- Taux de mortalité infantile : 17,63 pour 1000 naissances
- Taux de présence du virus VIH : 1,4 % de la population (est. 2003).
- Religion : La Thaïlande est un pays bouddhiste avec comme religion principale le bouddhisme theravâda, ainsi qu'une minorité musulmane (4,6 % de la population) vivant principalement dans le Sud, et environ 300 000 catholiques (0,5 % de la population).
- IDH : 0.784 ( moyen ) ( 72é. rang mondial ). ( Indice de développement humain ).
- Gentilé : thaïlandais.
- Fuseau horaire : UTC + 7.
- Hymne national : Phleng Chat.
- Domaine internet : .th
- Indicatif téléphonique : +66
Location
Situated between 20 ° and 6 ° degrees north latitude and between 98 ° and 105 ° longitude east, 9412 km from Paris, Thailand, on a geographical map evokes the head of an elephant, with the front abutting against Burma, the enemy of all time, and down the trunk between the Andaman Sea to the west and the South China Sea to the east. The country stretches over 1600 km from north to south and up to 800 km from east to west but is reduced to less than 30 km at the height of the town of Prachuap Khiri Khan. Its 3720 km land border are lined Cambodia and Laos to the east, Burma to the north and west and Malaysia in the extreme south. Its coastline is high with in the west, about 700 km, the Indian Ocean, called the edge of Andaman Sea coast. In the east there is the China Sea with a coastline of 1900 km.Economy
Thailand is a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Farming, processing and export of agricultural products, including rice, have formed the backbone of its economy. Although among the most prosperous countries of Asia, that it depends on a single crop has made it extremely sensitive to fluctuations in world prices of rice and to variations in production. The Thai government has tried to mitigate this vulnerability by seeking to diversify the economy and promote scientific farming methods such as controlled irrigation of rice fields in order to stabilize output even when rainfall is insufficient. Shrimp farms are also a major source of exports. Thailand has well over 30 000 farms giving an output of 280,000 tons in 2006. These exports generate a turnover of 2 billion dollars and occurs mainly to Europe, Japan and the United States. Japanese investors in Thailand, giving rapid industrialization in the years 1980 and 1990. From the mid-1980s, tourism had a major role in economic development. Annual growth was outstanding between 1985 and 1993 (from about 10%). It was still about 8% in 1993, when GNP was 136.9 billion dollars. Japan, the United States, Germany, Malaysia, China and the Netherlands are the main trading partners of Thailand. The Chinese-Thai families control most of the country's economic sectors [3]. After the tsunami in late 2004 that affected the entire southwestern coast, tourists have deserted the scene, leaving traders Thai bloodless. The majority of the dead were foreigners in this sector. Prices have fallen in Koh Lanta (for example) by nearly 50%. Thailand has other tourist resources and returns this year with a disaster of this tourist growth of over 10% compared to 2005 after the fall and cancellations due to the tsunami. Since 2001, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Thailand registered growth rates of particular support: 6.9% in 2003, 6.1% in 2004 and 4.5% in 2005. GDP growth forecast for 2006 is approximately 5.0%. The dynamism of the Thai economy is based on robust domestic demand (consumption and private investment), which makes it less sensitive than some of its neighbors to the jolts of global demand. This good performance has enabled the Kingdom to establish itself as regional economic power. The export sector remains the second largest economic powerhouse of the country: Thailand is particularly competitive in the food industry, tourism and certain electronic activities, it also attracts many multinational companies who use their Thai subsidiary as a regional export base, even global. However, the large amount of Thai imports of raw materials is expected to weigh on economic growth in 2005, partly because of rising oil prices. With a fine control of its economic policy, the government has contributed significantly to current performance. Under a strategy called "dual-track (double track), the government adjusts its support according to the international situation: in a downturn, public expenditure support consumption, in better times, the pace of spending decreases and the government can address the more structural reforms. This policy is made possible by the remarkable situation of public finances: broadening the tax base combined with the natural increase in revenues (because of the economy) will allow the government to end the budget deficit by 2003. However, to mitigate the impact of the slowdown of 2005, authorities launched a vast program of public investments aimed at significantly upgrading the country's infrastructure. Besides a positive effect on growth, these projects will naturally create many business opportunities.Space
With its area 513,115 km2 (slightly smaller than France), Thailand is the largest country in southeast Asia.Health
The Thai constitution guarantees health care access to every citizen in various fields. She said that the state must provide a public health service to the population, which is why indicators have been developed to measure the average coverage of services. In 2002, with its 9th national plan for health development, the State is committed to ensuring that all Thai citizens to good health. This policy focuses not only treat diseases but also to reach marginalized populations such as urban poor, undocumented immigrants, etc ... A law passed in 2002, provides for the development of a national fund InsuranceTerrain
Relief To the north and west, the country is forested, difficult of access, land of mountain ethnic minorities. This region is composed of primary massive shale, limestone and sometimes granite peaks and near the city of Chiang Mai Doi Inthanon with Mt to 2595 meters the highest point of Thailand. South-east, hills extend the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia adjacent to the coast, following wide bay fringed beaches. To the south is the backbone of the peninsula of Malacca shared with Burma. The landscape is changing: the plains of rice fields, very jagged limestone pinnacles, followed by long stretches of virgin forest covered cliffs, rubber plantations to the island of Phuket.Drainage
The drainage basin network in Thailand has developed very instrumental in the development of agriculture and transport. The Siamese have always lived on and by water. Thais continue today, and despite the concrete they laid to cover the canals, water is everywhere. North and east is the legendary Mekong descended on China, which provides hundreds of miles of border with Laos. The northern mountains descend numerous rivers along which lie the villages. They are expanding as and when they move southward. They come together to form the Mae Nam Chao Phraya. From these major rivers and countless waterways interlaced took possession of this flat country is often only one meter above sea level.Climate
The climate is tropical and humid, consists three seasons: the hot season (March-May), the rainy season (June-October) and the temperate period (November-February). During the hot season heat was stifling, especially in the central plain and in the North-east. It may exceed 38 ° C in May. At that time, the weather becomes stormy and announces the arrival of the rains. From June, the warm air mass parked on the continent attracts the monsoon winds blowing from the southwest, from the equator. They are dumping torrential rain until September-October. The central plain is then flooded. In Bangkok, the showers are brief but violent. The Chao Praya river swells and "klongs" (channels) can no longer cope and beyond. The streets turn into rivers and the people return home, sometimes with water up to their knees. Between November and February, a sweet season moves. Temperature and river levels back down. The wind is now the northeast. It has lost its moisture in the mountains of China and Vietnam. A dry air spreads over the country and the sky is a cloudless blue. According to the Thais, is the dry season. But in Bangkok, yet the thermometer climbs to 24 ° C during the day. At night it can drop to 15 ° C in December or January. In the north, the freshness is real and it is around 7 ° C at night in the mountains. It may even freeze at altitude. It is this latter period that is most suitable for travel. The temperature is sweeter with a beautiful blue sky. July-August, but not very wet again, this time often cloudy, less conducive to beautiful pictures of a successful trip. Thus, each region experiences three seasons in different ways depending on its topography and its location. The South receives more water but the temperature varies little from one season to another: it is between 23 ° C and 34 ° C. The North knows well marked seasons while the central plains to absorb lots of water in a short time.Temperatures in Bangkok
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | Mai | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Temp C° | 26 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 |